Environmental management of refrigeration equipment pdf, 151kb. Common refrigerants and their ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp are indicated below. Substances with high global warming potential gwp are a key concern. Because cfcs and hcfcs contain chlorine, which triggers odp, or ozone depletion potential, the montreal protocol focused on phasing out cfcs and hcfcs. This text file should be in a comma separated value format. The primary disadvantage of r407c is the large temperature glide due to the blend of the specific refrigerants. According to montreal protocol and kyoto protocol these refrigerants are promised to be banned after 2020. Refrigerants r407c and r407a properties, uses, storage. After a series of rigorous meetings and negotiations, the. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure.
Globally, there is a growing interest in ammonia as a refrigerant, both by itself, and in cascade. Highglobal warming potential highgwp refrigerants include all ozone depleting substances and any refrigerant with a gwp of 150 or higher. This is a relative indication of the effect of the substance on breaking down the ozone layer. With the mandate of montreal protocol banning ozone depleting substances, and kyoto protocol later on curtailing the use of substances which contribute to global warming, conventional refrigerants. Low gwp refrigerants can contribute greatly to greenhouse gas mitigation. Highgwp refrigerants california air resources board. Odp ozone depletion potential degree to which a substance can degrade the ozone layer. Ozone depletion potentials odps were a very important measure in the formulation of the montreal protocol and its amendments. Linde strongly advocates the use of refrigerant gases with zero ozone depletion. The ozone depletion potential odp of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane r11 or cfc11 being fixed at an odp of 1. Low global warming potential refrigerants for commercial. Evidence shows that the main causes of ozone depletion are the releases of manufactured. Hcfc22 hfc125 propane freon hp80 r402a, wt% 38 60 2 freon hp81 r402b, wt% 60 38 2 in addition, chemours has formulated a mixture based on allhfc refrigerants, which results in no ozone depletion factor. Pdf ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants.
In the 1980s, cfcs and hcfcs were determined to play a major role in depleting the stratospheric ozone layer. Refrigerants r402a, r402b, and r404a properties, uses. Refrigerant product information opteon xp40 r449a is a non ozone depleting, low global warming potential gwp, hydrofluoroolefin hfo based refrigerant with an optimal balance of properties to replace r404ar507, r22, or r407 series in positive. The green globes rating system accounts for ozone depletion, global warming and leak detection. Environmental consciousness refrigerant options now and in. Boussouf et al ignition of r32 and r410a refrigerant mixtures with lubricating oil. The hazard is represented by the refrigerant ozone depletion potential number odp. R404a began seeing usage in 1996 after the phase out of cfc r502 due to its ozone depletion potential. Highglobal warming potential highgwp refrigerants include all ozonedepleting substances and any refrigerant with a gwp of 150 or higher.
Alternative refrigerants must replace the existing ones with fewer environmentally concerns such as low global warming potentials gwp, low ozone depletion potentials odp, low toxicity, and adequate air conditioning ac characteristics. It mandates that all refrigerants with odp will be phased out for new equipment by january 1, 2020. Cfcs class ii substance ozone depleting chemical with an ozone depletion potential. R404a is a ternary refrigerant blend consisting of the hfc r125 fortyfour percent, hfc r143a fiftytwo percent, and hfc r4a four percent. Ozone depletion potential odp of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation it can cause to the ozone layerglobal warming potential gwp is a measure of how much a given mass of a gas contributes to global warming. For each ods, this page provides the compounds atmospheric lifetime, ozone depletion.
The second generation of refrigerants included chlorofluorocarbons cfcs and hydrochlorofluorocarbons hcfcs, which became widely used because they were efficient, nonflammable, and nontoxic. However, r410a has a high global warming potential of 2088, higher than that of r22. Unlike alkyl halide refrigerants that contain bromine or chlorine, r410a which contains only fluorine does not contribute to ozone depletion and is therefore becoming more widely used, as ozone depleting refrigerants like r22 are phased out. Some halocarbons ozone depleting substances, or odss deplete the ozone layer, while others greenhouse gases, or ghgs are thought to contribute to global warming. Review and quiz terms and acronyms used in this training material class i substance ozone depleting chemical with an ozone depletion potential greater than 0.
Gwp global warming potential degree to which a greenhouse gas ghg traps heat in. Different substances break down ozone more rapidly than others. This paper contains a summarized look at our experience and knowledge, describing the background, trends, and drivers that frame the scenarios for present and future refrigerant selection. Nextgeneration low global warming potential refrigerants. Refrigerants and cfcs a major cause of ozone layer depletion. Growing demand for refrigeration and airconditioning with diversified applications has led to a continued search. Subsequently, the montreal treaty banned cfcs for new equipment as of 2000.
They have a very low or zero global warming potential and zero ozone depletion potential. Updates to the section 608 refrigerant management program. Ozone depletion and global warming overview page 1 of 5 halocarbons are chemical compounds containing carbon, one or more halogens, and sometimes hydrogen. Safety features include flammability and toxicity, in conjunction with the inventory required. Odp ozone depletion potential and low gwp global warming potential and so offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to cfcs, hcfcs and hfcs. Carly fordred reports feature what is ozone depletion potential odp the ozone layer is damaged by. Performance investigation of refrigerants r290 and r4a. Calculating ozone depleting potentials odp introduction the number of single component refrigerants with different thermodynamic properties suitable for different types of equipment is limited.
Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants and their solution. Products are measured by comparing their effect on the ozone layer in relation to r11, which is set to 1. Relevant general properties are the normal boiling point and refrigerant service temperature, the latent heat and the coefficient of performance cop. It has a low chlorine content and ozone depletion potential and only a modest direct global warming potential. The departure of hcfc refrigerants the australian hydrochlorofluorocarbon hcfc refrigerant market is now beginning to feel the implications of 1987s montreal protocol. By following the criteria in the rating systems, the selected refrigerants can help the project achieve points toward green building status. Graph showing the ozone depletion potential odp, or potential damage that each substance could cause to the ozone layer, relative to the chlorofluorocarbon, cfc11. Product information sorted by product type and name. Environmental consciousness refrigerant options now and in the future danfoss helps define your refrigerant choice making modern living possible a paper on the global trends within refrigeration and air conditioning. In the refrigerant sector two mature technologies, fluorinated refrigerants hfcs with their high global warming potential as well as environmentally friendly natural refriger. This is measured by their ozone depletion potential odp. Further study implicated hcfcs used widely in unitary air conditioning, such as r22, despite its low 0.
This paper is part of a series of guidance documents prepared for the edge. Refrigerants can thus also be ranked according to their impact on the stratospheric ozone layer the ozone depletion potential, odp or as greenhouse gases the global warming potential, gwp. If youre unsure what refrigerant your system uses you can find out by checking the sticker label on your outside unit. Hcfcs have less ozone depleting potential than cfcs and have been useful as an interim. Global warming potential vs ozone depletion potential. Second, because of its superior thermodynamic properties, ammonia as a refrigerant requires less energy than other refrigerants when used in large industrial systems. One of the ways to reduce gwp and odp is the use of alternative ecofriendly refrigerant such as hydrocarbon and blend refrigerant mixture. Chlorodifluoromethane r22, for example, has an odp of 0. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. The low ozone depletion potential of r22 compared to cfc11 chlorofluorocarbon 11 and cfc12 and its excellent refrigerant properties have helped facilitate the transition away from cfcs. Ozonedepleting substances ozone layer protection us epa. European norm standard on the safety of refrigerants.
The ozone depletion potential odp of a refrigerant represents its effect on atmospheric ozone, and the reference point usually adopted is odp 1 for the cfc r11. On top of that there is the direct ozone depletion potential gwp due to refrigerant emission. The ozone is depleted by chlorine containing compounds that reach the upper atmosphere. Updates to the section 608 refrigerant management program november 2, 2016. Refrigerant product information opteon xp10 r5a is a nonozone depleting, low global warming potential gwp hydrofluoroolefin hfo based refrigerant developed to replace r4a in positive displacement, direct expansion, mediumtemperature commercial and industrial chillers, as well as flooded andor centrifugal chillers. While puron is the king refrigerant right now 2018 it may not stay on the throne forever. The main environmental feature is the ozone depletion potential. Performance assessment of vapor compression systems. Ashrae position documents are approved by the board of directors. Ministry home air ozone depleting substances frequently asked questions frequently asked questions about ozone depleting substances ods in ontario ozone depletion prevention odp cards what is required for the purchase andor handling of refrigerants in ontario. Puron doesnt have an ozone depletion potential but it does have a very high global warming potential. Refrigerant selection to reduce climate impact edge buildings.